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Karl von Frisch
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| Karl von Frisch | |
| Born | November 20, 1886 |
|---|---|
| Died | June 12, 1982 |
| Nationality | Austria |
| Fields | ethologist |
| Known for | bees |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973 |
Karl Ritter von Frisch (November 20, 1886 – June 12, 1982) was an Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973, along with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz.
He studied zoology with Richard von Hertwig whom he later succeeded as a professor of zoology at Munich, Germany. He studied the senses of bees, identified their mechanisms of communication and showed their sensitivity to ultraviolet and polarized light. In the center of his work were the study of the sensory perceptions of the honey bee and was one of the first who translated the meaning of the waggle dance. The theory was disputed by other scientists and greeted with skepticism at the time. Only recently was it definitively proved to be an accurate theoretical analysis (see Nature magazine reference).
In 1973 he was awarded Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for his achievements in comparative behavioral physiology and pioneering work in communication between insects.
Frisch's honey bee work included the study of the pheromones that are emitted by the Queen bee and her daughters, which maintain the hive's very complex social order. Pheromones are chemical odors one organism emits to communicate with another organism, most likely for reproductive reasons. Outside the hive, the pheromones cause the male bees, or drones, to become attracted to a queen and mate with it. Inside the hive, the drones are not affected by the odor.
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[edit] References
- Zetterström, R (July 2007). "The Nobel Prize for the introduction of ethology, or animal behaviour, as a new research field: possible implications for child development and behaviour". Acta Paediatr. (Norway) 96 (7): 1105-8. doi:. ISSN 0803-5253. PMID 17524019.
- Dewsbury, Donald A (September 2003). "The 1973 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine: recognition for behavioral science?". The American psychologist (United States) 58 (9): 747-52. doi:. ISSN 0003-066X. PMID 14584992.
- Raju, T N (September 1999). "The Nobel chronicles. 1973: Karl von Frisch (1886-1982); Konrad Lorenz (1903-89); and Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907-88)". Lancet (ENGLAND) 354 (9184): 1130. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 10509540.
- von Frisch, K (April 1994). "[The "language" of bees and its utilization in agriculture. 1946]". Experientia (SWITZERLAND) 50 (4): 406-13. ISSN 0014-4754. PMID 8174688.
- Sundberg, H; Ursin H, Wester K (November 1973). "[Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for 1973]". Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. (NORWAY) 93 (33): 2428-9. ISSN 0029-2001. PMID 4590883.
- Cronholm, B; Levi L (October 1973). "[Genetically programmed and learned behaviors. A presentation of this year's Nobel Prize winners in physiology and medicine]". Lakartidningen (SWEDEN) 70 (43): 3807-11. ISSN 0023-7205. PMID 4595436.
- "Editorial: The Nobel laureates". Lancet (ENGLAND) 2 (7834): 893. October 1973. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 4126929.
- Rosengren, R; Runeberg L (1973). "[The Nobel prize in physiology and medicine 1973]". Duodecim; lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja (FINLAND) 89 (23): 1531-4. ISSN 0012-7183. PMID 4589023.
[edit] External links
- Karl Von Frisch, The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees, (1967) Harvard University Press
- Dance and communication of honey bees
- The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance, Nature 435, May 2005, pp.205-207.
- Karl von Frisch, Decoding the Language of the Bee, Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1973
- Biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
Regarding personal names: Ritter is a title, translated approximately as Knight, not a first or middle name. There is no equivalent female form.
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